Oedema is not simply “extra water”. It is a symptom that can have many possible causes, including prolonged sitting or standing, hormonal changes, certain medications, venous or lymphatic conditions, and heart, kidney, liver or thyroid disorders. Reducing swelling without understanding its cause may only mask the problem.

How the lymphatic system works

The lymphatic system helps return excess fluid from tissues to the bloodstream and supports immune function. Lymphatic vessels contain valves and small muscle segments that help move lymph forward. This flow is also supported by skeletal-muscle movement, diaphragmatic breathing and arterial pulsation.

Long periods of inactivity, prolonged static posture or reduced mobility may contribute to a feeling of heaviness and swelling, particularly in the legs. However, persistent or significant oedema should be assessed by a doctor to rule out medical causes.

The role of the liver and kidneys

The liver processes many substances produced by normal metabolism, as well as certain medications and hormones. The kidneys regulate fluid and electrolyte balance, including sodium levels.

Changes in liver or kidney function can sometimes contribute to fluid retention. Nutrition matters for overall health, but symptoms of oedema should not be explained by “detoxification” alone. If swelling is new, persistent or worsening, appropriate medical evaluation and laboratory tests may be needed.

Hormonal factors

Hormonal changes can influence fluid balance. Some women notice increased swelling in the second half of the menstrual cycle, during pregnancy, perimenopause or menopause. Insulin resistance and certain endocrine conditions may also be associated with fluid retention.

The pattern of swelling, menstrual-cycle symptoms, medical history and test results can help determine whether hormonal factors may be relevant.

Digestion, diet and lifestyle

Constipation, bloating, a high-sodium diet, inadequate protein intake, alcohol, poor sleep and low physical activity may all affect how a person feels and may contribute to temporary fluid retention.

At the same time, digestive symptoms do not automatically explain oedema. A careful assessment helps distinguish lifestyle-related factors from conditions that require further investigation.

Why universal plans do not work

One person may benefit from improving regular movement, hydration and dietary habits. Another may need assessment of thyroid function, glucose metabolism, venous circulation, kidney function or medication use.

A universal “detox protocol” does not take into account individual symptoms, medical history, hormonal status or possible underlying conditions.

How we approach oedema during a consultation

We do not guess. We review the full picture, which may include:

• your usual diet, including protein and salt intake;
• current symptoms, lifestyle and level of physical activity;
• medications and supplements;
• kidney and liver function, electrolytes and other relevant laboratory results;
• glucose metabolism and insulin levels where appropriate;
• menstrual-cycle features and hormonal health;
• digestive symptoms and bowel habits.

By considering these factors together, we can create realistic nutrition and lifestyle recommendations and determine when additional medical assessment is necessary.

If swelling appears suddenly, affects only one leg, is painful or accompanied by shortness of breath, chest pain or a rapid increase in weight, seek urgent medical care.

2026 © Elena Konovalova